The chemical formula of aspartame is C14H18N2O5. It is available at room temperature as a white powder. It is a natural functional oligosaccharide with high sweetness, does not melt easily and is caries-free. It can be eaten by diabetics.

The chemical formula of fumaric acid is C4H4O4, a butene-derived carboxylic acid and a colorless, flammable crystal.

Aspartame can be added as a sugar substitute because of its extremely low calorie content and its high sweetness to beverages, pharmaceuticals or sugar-free chewing gum. The calorie content of aspartame is about 16.75 kJ/g, and 2.8 mg/dl aspartame can make people feel sweet, so the heat generated by a small amount of aspartame can be ignored.

The sum formula of citric acid is C₆H₈O₇, an important organic acid. It is a colorless crystal, odorless, has a strong acidic taste and is easily soluble in water. It is a natural preservative and food additive.