Humectants refers to a class of substances that can improve the stability of the product after being added during food processing, maintain the water holding capacity inside the food, and improve the shape, flavor, color, etc. of the food.

Food nutritional fortifiers refer to natural or synthetic food additives that artificially increase nutrients and are added to foods, and fall within the scope of natural nutrients. Food fortification was originally proposed as a solution to a public health problem.

Inositol, also known as cyclohexyl alcohol, is widely distributed in animals and plants. It is a growth factor of animals and microorganisms, which was first isolated from myocardium and liver. There are multiple cis and trans isomers of inositol in nature, and the naturally occurring isomer is cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexanehexanol.

Malic acid, also known as 2-hydroxysuccinic acid, has two stereoisomers due to an asymmetric carbon atom in the molecule. In nature, it exists in three forms, namely D-malic acid, L-malic acid and its mixture DL-malic acid.