Malic acid, also known as 2-hydroxysuccinic acid, has two stereoisomers due to an asymmetric carbon atom in the molecule. In nature, it exists in three forms, namely D-malic acid, L-malic acid and its mixture DL-malic acid.

Food thickeners are one of the most important excipients in the food industry. It mainly plays the role of stabilizing the food form in food processing, such as keeping the suspension slurry stable, the smoothness stable, and the emulsification system stable.

The composition of maltodextrin is closely related to its hydrolysis process, starch type and the presence of other components (such as protein, fat, etc.) in starch.

Neotame, chemical name is: N-[N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-α-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine-1-methyl ester, white crystalline powder , containing about 4.5% crystal water, is a functional sweetener.