Synergism and antagonism between trace elements

It is well known that trace elements are important to humans, as well as to animals. Although trace elements occupy a very small proportion, their importance cannot be ignored. Whether it is in the growth and development of animals, or metabolism, including disease prevention and improve feed utilization, it plays a very important role. In the absence of certain trace elements, it will have extremely serious consequences on the health of animals and may even lead to the death of the animal. Therefore, feed containing trace elements is not lacking. This article will explain the knowledge about trace element feed.

Contains the following:

• The role of trace elements

• The consequences of the lack of trace elements

• The relationship between trace elements.

1, The role of trace elements

Trace elements play multiple roles in the body. They are structural components themselves. For example, iron is a component of hemoglobin and myoglobin, cobalt is a component of vitamin B12, and iodine is a component of thyroxine. In addition, most of them are the prosthetic or structural components of important enzymes in the body, which are involved in catalyzing various metabolic processes in the body. The lack of these can cause normal metabolism to be affected, which in turn leads to disease and death of animals. For example, iron is a component of NADH cytochrome reductase, copper is a component of cytochrome C oxidase, manganese is an activator of various enzymes such as arginase, zinc is a component of carbonic anhydrase, and selenium is glutathione. A component of a peptide peroxidase or the like.

2, The consequences of the lack of them

Lack of these trace elements can cause deficiency. For example, in iron-fed anemia, which is more common in suckling piglets, a piglet needs about 7 mg of iron per day, but the milk can only provide about 1 mg of iron, which does not meet the needs of piglets. Copper deficiency in animals can lead to anemia and growth retardation, and manganese deficiency can lead to a decrease in growth rate, and young chicks can cause slippery disease. The typical symptom of zinc deficiency in pigs is incomplete keratosis. Zinc deficiency in chickens is now blocked by growth and poor feathers. When the animal is deficient in selenium, white muscle disease and chicken exudative quality syndrome may occur. Manganese, copper, zinc, selenium, and iodine are closely related to the reproductive function of animals, and the lack of reproduction can cause a decline in reproductive ability.

3. The relationship between trace elements

There are many kinds of trace elements, and there are many things, so it is easy to mess. Some of them are mixed together to produce synergy and antagonism. Therefore, when formulating it premixes, pay attention to the balance between trace element and trace element and other nutrients. The nutritional and biological functions of individual it cannot be blindly pursued, while the synergistic and antagonistic relationships between them are neglected, resulting in unnecessary or irreparable damage.

For example, in order to increase the speed of adding high copper to the fattening pig feed, the result is anemia, jaundice, body fat, and incomplete skin keratosis. Copper promotes the use of iron, and the lack of copper causes iron absorption and utilization barriers. There is an antagonistic relationship between iron and zinc. Iron and manganese in the feed have a common absorption site in the intestine, so the absorption of manganese can be inhibited. Excessive levels of zinc in the feed can affect the absorption and utilization of copper, leading to copper deficiency. There is a synergistic phenomenon between copper and cobalt, and it is easy to induce cobalt deficiency when copper is lacking. There is an antagonistic effect between manganese and copper. Increasing the content of manganese is not conducive to the absorption of copper and easily leads to the lack of copper. Cobalt can improve the absorption of zinc, and cobalt and iodine also have a synergistic effect. Excessive amounts of copper, zinc, arsenic and mercury in the feed can antagonize selenium and affect the absorption and utilization of selenium, resulting in selenium deficiency. In formula design and production, the synergistic and antagonistic relationship of each element should be handled, and the amount of addition of elements should be appropriately determined according to different use objects.

Trace elements are of great significance to animals and cannot be ignored. When planting animals, be sure to pay attention to the control of trace elements, otherwise you will suffer heavy losses. Conversely, if you control the trace elements very well, you will get healthy animals, and high income returns.